What is the significance of using expansion joints in building design?

Using expansion joints in building design is crucial because they accommodate the natural movement of materials due to thermal expansion and contraction. As temperatures change, materials such as concrete and steel can expand when heated and contract when cooled. Without expansion joints, this movement can lead to stress and potential damage in the structure, including cracking, warping, or even structural failure.

Expansion joints effectively absorb these movements, maintaining the integrity of the building while allowing for the materials to expand and contract freely. This is particularly important in large structures or those subjected to temperature variations, as it helps ensure long-term durability and performance. Additionally, while expansion joints are beneficial in seismic regions where ground movement is a consideration, their use is essential in a wide range of climates and building types, making their significance applicable beyond just seismic design.