What does a "load path" refer to in structural engineering?

A "load path" in structural engineering refers to the route through which loads are transferred from the structure to the foundation. This concept is vital for understanding how forces and loads are distributed throughout a structure.

When a structure experiences forces, such as those from live loads (occupancy loads), dead loads (structural weight), or environmental loads (like wind or seismic activity), these forces need to be transmitted safely and efficiently down to the ground. The load path represents the specific trajectory that these forces take—through various structural elements such as beams, columns, and walls—until they reach the foundation.

This understanding ensures that all components of the structure are designed to handle their respective loads, thus maintaining stability and preventing failure. It is essential for engineers to analyze and clearly define the load path to ensure that every element in the structural system contributes to the overall integrity of the building.